Antibiotics are prescription medicines used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria (bactericidal) or inhibiting their growth (bacteriostatic). They are ineffective against viral infections such as colds, flu, and COVID-19. This section covers the most commonly prescribed oral antibiotic tablets and capsules, organised by drug class — penicillins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, cephalosporins, and nitrofurans.
Antibiotic Drug Classes
Penicillins — one of the oldest and most widely used classes. Amoxicillin is the most prescribed broad-spectrum penicillin globally, used for ear infections, chest infections, strep throat, and dental abscesses. Active against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Fluoroquinolones — broad-spectrum antibiotics with excellent Gram-negative coverage. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is the backbone of fluoroquinolone treatment for UTIs, traveller’s diarrhoea, and certain respiratory infections. Carry a noteworthy FDA warning regarding tendon damage and CNS effects.
Tetracyclines — broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agents effective against intracellular bacteria, atypical organisms, and acne-causing bacteria. Doxycycline is the most commonly used tetracycline for respiratory infections, Lyme disease, STIs, and inflammatory acne.
Macrolides — azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-Pak) is the quintessential macrolide: short 5-day course, excellent tissue penetration, used for community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, and chlamydia.
Cephalosporins — beta-lactam antibiotics closely related to penicillins. Cefdinir (Omnicef) is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin used for ear infections, sinusitis, and strep throat, including in penicillin-sensitive patients.
Nitrofurans — nitrofurantoin is used almost exclusively for lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). It concentrates in urine and bladder tissue, making it highly effective and low-risk for systemic effects.
Antibiotics Covered at Lucas Clinic
- Amoxil (Amoxicillin) — broad-spectrum penicillin tablets and capsules
- Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) — fluoroquinolone tablets for UTIs and respiratory infections
- Doxycycline — tetracycline capsules for respiratory infections and acne
- Nitrofurantoin — UTI-specific antibiotic capsules
- Omnicef (Cefdinir) — 3rd-generation cephalosporin for ear infections and sinusitis
- Zithromax (Azithromycin) — macrolide Z-Pak for chest and respiratory infections
Disclaimer: This page is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. All antibiotics require a valid prescription. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional before taking any medication. See our full disclaimer.