Antidepressants are prescription medications used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, panic disorder, and various other psychiatric and pain conditions. They work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters — primarily serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine — in the central nervous system. All antidepressants carry an FDA black-box warning regarding increased suicidal thinking in children, adolescents, and young adults, particularly during the initial weeks of treatment.
Antidepressant Drug Classes
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) — the most widely prescribed class. Fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) are prototypical SSRIs. They block serotonin reuptake in the synapse, increasing serotonergic neurotransmission. Well-tolerated, with sexual dysfunction and GI side effects being the main concerns.
TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants) — older agents like amitriptyline (Elavil) that block both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Effective for depression, neuropathic pain, and migraine prevention, but side-effect burden (anticholinergic, cardiac) limits use.
NDRIs (Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors) — bupropion (Wellbutrin) is the main agent. No sexual dysfunction; also used for smoking cessation (Zyban).
Antidepressants at Lucas Clinic
- Elavil (Amitriptyline) — TCA for depression, nerve pain, and migraine prevention
- Fluoxetine (Prozac generic) — SSRI for depression, OCD, and anxiety
- Wellbutrin (Bupropion) — NDRI for depression and smoking cessation
- Zoloft (Sertraline) — SSRI for depression, PTSD, panic, and OCD
Disclaimer: For informational purposes only. All antidepressants require a prescription. Consult a licensed healthcare professional. See our full disclaimer.