Antipsychotic medications are used primarily to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. They work by blocking dopamine D2 receptors (and in some cases serotonin 5-HT2A receptors), reducing positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganised thinking. All antipsychotics carry FDA black-box warnings regarding increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis. They are prescription-only medicines requiring careful specialist oversight.
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol/Haldol) are potent D2 blockers. They are highly effective for positive symptoms of schizophrenia but carry a significant risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) including tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and akathisia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine) block both D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, providing a broader clinical profile with generally lower EPS risk but higher risk of metabolic side effects (weight gain, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia).
Antipsychotics at Lucas Clinic
- Haldol (Haloperidol) — typical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and acute agitation
- Risperdal (Risperidone) — atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar
- Seroquel (Quetiapine) — atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia, bipolar, and MDD adjunct
- Zyprexa (Olanzapine) — atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Disclaimer: For informational purposes only. All antipsychotic medications require a prescription. Consult a licensed healthcare professional. See our full disclaimer.